Genetic drift, bottleneck effect, and founder effect

K2, Bottleneck traverse. This section of the climb is INSANE. You spend several hours underneath a giant ice cliff in an exposed position at 8200m , 1/3 normal oxygen levels & knowledge that many people slipped and fallen off from here. Witness the footage from the summit day of 27.07.2023, as climbers tackle the perilous mountain section. The motionless figure clad in a black & yellow dawn suit is identified as Muhammad Hassan from Skardu, who tragically lost his life there. Around 130 climbers

Crossing K2 bottleneck, overhung by huge searcs , during the descend from the summit, July 22, 2021. Mingma David took this video as I was crossing. #k2 #himalayas #climbing | Fahad Badar

@summitkarakoram K2 Bottleneck 27-07-2021 K2 SUMMIT Traversing Bottleneck at night. The most challenging and dangerous part of summit push. Every step is a life saving decision and it has to be right, No choice there !! 📷@lakpa_galzen_sherpa | Everest Experts

The climbing routes up to K2’s Summit encompass six major lines. The Abruzzi Spur is the most popular. click: https://youtube.com/@hunzabv?si=SOIbCVgadp1FME3T #Adventuretravel2025 #PakistanMountaineers #live #HunzaBoys #climbingvideos #travelphotography #climber#k2 #HunzaViews #thenesthunza | The Nest