Born in food web ecology, the concept of trophic levels -- the hierarchy of who eats who in the natural world -- is an elegant way to understand how biomass and energy move through a natural system.

Lake ecosystems can receive high inputs of terrestrial organic matter (t-OM) that microbes make available to higher trophic level consumers. A research group examined terrestrial reliance of 19 ...

Evaluation of the main hypotheses proposed for the causes of decline and failure to recover of the western Steller sea lion population depends on understanding how food web linkages affect sea lions.

Ongoing production and use of organophosphate tri-esters (tri-OPEs) have resulted in widespread environmental contamination, with levels occasionally ...

While the recent inclusion of parasites into food-web studies has highlighted the role of parasites as consumers, there is accumulating evidence that parasites can also serve as prey for predators.